Journal: Materials

Article Title: 3D Printing of Piezoelectric Barium Titanate-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Interconnected Porosity for Bone Tissue Engineering

doi: 10.3390/ma13071773

Figure Lengend Snippet: Indirect in-vitro cytotoxicity test according to ISO 10993 using material eluates. ( A ) LIVE/DEAD Images of Calcein AM (green, live) and propidium Iodide (red, dead) stained MC3T3-E1 cells after 24 h of incubation on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) with cell culture medium (pos. control), BaTiO 3 /HA scaffolds eluates. Scale bars: 200 µm, 50 µm (detail). ( B ) Quantification of LIVE/DEAD data as area of live cells (%) per FM image (n > 4 biological replicates, n = 3 images) normalized to TCPS reference substrates. ( C ) Indirect cell viability test (WST-8) (n ≥ 4 biological replicates) measured as the absorbance at 450 nm as an indicator for cell viability. ( D ) Intracellular LDH level as a measure of cell death and proliferation (n = 4 biological replicates). Data are shown as mean ±SD. Statistically significant differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis, with no significant difference indicated (NS).

Article Snippet: Mouse calvaria pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells (Sigma Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) were cultured according to manufacturer recommendations.

Techniques: In Vitro, Staining, Incubation, Cell Culture

Journal: Materials

Article Title: 3D Printing of Piezoelectric Barium Titanate-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Interconnected Porosity for Bone Tissue Engineering

doi: 10.3390/ma13071773

Figure Lengend Snippet: Direct in-vitro cytocompatibility test of MC3T3-E1 cells after 24 h of incubation on BaTiO 3 /HA. ( A ) LIVE/DEAD Images of Calcein AM (green, live) and propidium Iodide (red, dead) stained MC3T3-E1 cells after 24 h of direct incubation on TCPS and BaTiO 3 /HA scaffolds. Scale bars: 200 µm, 50 µm (detail). ( B ) Quantification of LIVE/DEAD data as the area of live cells (%) per image (n > 4 biological replicates, n = 3 images) normalized to tissue culture polystyrene reference substrates. ( C ) Indirect cell viability test (WST-8) (n = 12 biological replicates) measured as the absorbance at 450 nm of metabolized tetrazolim salt to a soluble formazan as an indicator of cell viability. ( D ) Extracellular LDH levels as a measure of cell death, respectively (n ≥ 3 biological replicates). LDH levels with no statistically significant difference were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test (NS, p < 0.05). Data is shown as mean ±SD. NS indicated no significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups using Welch‘s t-test.

Article Snippet: Mouse calvaria pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells (Sigma Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) were cultured according to manufacturer recommendations.

Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, Staining, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Materials

Article Title: 3D Printing of Piezoelectric Barium Titanate-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Interconnected Porosity for Bone Tissue Engineering

doi: 10.3390/ma13071773

Figure Lengend Snippet: SEM images of MC3T3-E1 cells after 24 h of incubation on BaTiO 3 /HA scaffolds. Representative SEM images of MC3T3-E1 cell-material interaction with BaTiO 3 /HA substrates. Scale bars: 20 µm ( A ), 4 µm ( B ).

Article Snippet: Mouse calvaria pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells (Sigma Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) were cultured according to manufacturer recommendations.

Techniques: Incubation